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<h2>Freshwater Plants & Water</h2> <p>As mentioned on the previous page about <a href="9_still_water_plants.htm">still water plants</a>, the method of <em><a href="/dictionary/transpiration">transpiration</a></em> as a whole is altered in freshwater plants, due to the abundance of water in their external environment, or in the case of some, uptake of water from a wet environment, but loss of water via their leaves in the open air environment.</p> <p>An example of transpiration problems for such plants is as follows;</p> <ul><li>The plant lives in a marshy environment, where roots uptake water from soaked ground, allowing plenty of water to be up taken and transported up and across the plant. </li> <li>The difference in water concentration between the plants' leaves and the open air environment is so great that much of the water absorbed is lost to the external environment, meaning the plant loses water rapidly </li> <li>Such a problem is solved by evolutionary adaptations as described in the <a href="/5/2_plant_water_regulation.htm">plant water regulation</a> page. These adaptations essentially address the issue of re-balancing the critical deviations between the water that is absorbed and lost in a plant. </li> </ul><h2>Freshwater Plants & Nutrients</h2> <p>On top of the need for plants to maintain a suitable water concentration in plant cells, they also require various nutrients which are found in the nutrient rich soil and the surrounding waters. In addition to the <em><a href="/dictionary/carbon">carbon</a></em>, <em><a href="/dictionary/hydrogen">hydrogen</a></em> and <em><a href="/dictionary/oxygen">oxygen</a></em> required for <em><a href="/dictionary/photosynthesis">photosynthesis</a></em>, plants require a range of macro-elements, notably magnesium (Mg), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). Some of these elements, notably the gases, are readily available in the atmosphere, while carbon dioxide is produced from decomposing organic matter. Other elements are readily available in the soil, with nutrients becoming available from decomposing matter adding to the fertility of the surrounding soil. Oxygen becomes available from the photosynthetic activities of plants, which provide the link between oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the area.</p> <p>Availability of such elements will affect the productivity of the plants in the freshwater ecosystem, and the combined productivity of the ecosystem as a whole. Evidently, the environmental factors of the freshwater ecosystem has great bearing on how plants survive in the community. The following page introduces flowing water communities, which bring new and dithering factors into the equation for possible species occupying the area.</p>
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