Modified sit-ups

... Once inside the Golgi apparatus, the newly formed protein/enyzme will have its final modifications (glycosylation usually) that will then let the modified protein/enzyme bud off from the Golgi's membrane so that it is in its own membrane bound secretory vesicle once more, on its way - to the outside ...

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... happens. Eliminate some receptor with an antibody or make a knock-out organism that lacks a gene for, say, some enzyme, and see what process gets modified/prevented, and then study the mechanism and function further. Also, cytoplasmic or secreted compounds can be analysed, their structure, concentration, ...

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... genes that dictate tissue antigenicity. The construct that is transfered into the pig genome can be multiplied in a bacterial plasmid. Afaik, the modified cells themselves are rarely grown in a culture for somatic cell transfer (which is, in effect, cloning). The standard method, thus, is to edit ...

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... on pig-xenotransplantations in particular. I am unsure of the process, but here's what I gathered so far; 1. The pigs have to be genetically modified so the human immune system does not reject and destroy the pigs foreign DNA. 2. To genetically modify a pig, a DNA construct (artificially ...

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... If we for example decide to try deep space travel one day, even some very obscure technological aids might become essential - reinforced bones or modified skin that protects from cosmic radiation, maybe? As long as it gives some kind of edge for these people to have more children than the others ...

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