Aktories, K. and Hall, A. (1989). Botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase C3: a new tool to study low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 10, 415-418.
Anderson, D. J. (1997). Cellular and molecular biology of neural crest cell lineage determination. Trends Genet. 13, 276-280.
Basler, K., Edlund, T., Jessell, T. M. and Yamada, T. (1993). Control of cell pattern in the neural tube: regulation of cell differentiation by dorsalin-1, a novel TGF beta family member. Cell 73, 687-702.
Brewster, R., Lee, J. and Ruiz i Altaba, A. (1998). Gli/Zic factors pattern the neural plate by defining domains of cell differentiation. Nature 393, 579- 583.
Chardin, P. (1988). The ras superfamily proteins. Biochimie 70, 865-868. Delannet, M. and Duband, J. L. (1992). Transforming growth factor-beta control of cell-substratum adhesion during avian neural crest cell emigration in vitro. Development 116, 275-287.
Dickinson, M. E., Selleck, M. A., McMahon, A. P. and Bronner, F. M. (1995). Dorsalization of the neural tube by the non-neural ectoderm. Development 121, 2099-2106.
Dillon, S. T. and Feig, L. A. (1995). Purification and assay of recombinant C3 transferase. Methods Enzymol. 256, 174-184.
Duband, J. L., Monier, F., Delannet, M. and Newgreen, D. (1995). Epithelium-mesenchyme transition during neural crest development. Acta Anat. 154, 63-78.
Foerst-Potts, L. and Sadler, T. W. (1997). Disruption of Msx-1 and Msx-2 reveals roles for these genes in craniofacial, eye, and axial development. Dev. Dyn. 209, 70-84.
Hall, A. (1998). Rho GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton. Science 279, 509- 514.
Hamburger, V. and Hamilton, H. (1951). A series of normal stages in the development of chick embryo. J. Morphol. 88, 49-92.
Hariharan, I. K., Hu, K. Q., Asha, H., Quintanilla, A., Ezzell, R. M. and Settleman, J. (1995). Characterization of rho GTPase family homologues in Drosophila melanogaster: overexpressing Rho1 in retinal cells causes a late developmental defect. EMBO J. 14, 292-302.
Hay, E. D. (1995). An overview of epithelio-mesenchymal transition. Acta Anat. 154, 8-20.
Hill, C. S., Wynne, J. and Treisman, R. (1995). The Rho family GTPases RhoA, Rac1, and CDC42Hs regulate transcriptional activation by SRF. Cell 81, 1159-1170.
Hinsch, K. D., Habermann, B., Just, I., Hinsch, E., Pfisterer, S., Schill, W. B. and Aktories, K. (1993). ADP-ribosylation of Rho proteins inhibits sperm motility. FEBS Lett. 334, 32-36.
Ishizaki, T., Naito, M., Fujisawa, K., Maekawa, M., Watanabe, N., Saito, Y. and Narumiya, S. (1997). p160ROCK, a Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase, works downstream of Rho and induces focal adhesions. FEBS Lett. 404, 118-124.
Jahner, D. and Hunter, T. (1991). The ras-related gene rhoB is an immediateearly gene inducible by v- Fps, epidermal growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor in rat fibroblasts. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11, 3682-3690.
Jalink, K., van Corven, E. J., Hengeveld, T., Morii, N., Narumiya, S. and Moolenaar, W. H. (1994). Inhibition of lysophosphatidate- and thrombininduced neurite retraction and neuronal cell rounding by ADP ribosylation of the small GTP-binding protein Rho. J. Cell Biol. 126, 801-810.
Jiang, R., Lan, Y., Norton, C. R., Sundberg, J. P. and Gridley, T. (1998). The Slug gene is not essential for mesoderm or neural crest development in mice. Dev. Biol. 198, 277-285.
Keely, P. J., Westwick, J. K., Whitehead, I. P., Der, C. J. and Parise, L. V. (1997). Cdc42 and Rac1 induce integrin-mediated cell motility and invasiveness through PI(3)K. Nature 390, 632-636.
Kozma, R., Sarner, S., Ahmed, S. and Lim, L. (1997). Rho family GTPases and neuronal growth cone remodelling: relationship between increased complexity induced by Cdc42Hs, Rac1, and acetylcholine and collapse induced by RhoA and lysophosphatidic acid. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 1201- 1211.
Le Douarin, N. (1982). The Neural Crest. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Leung, T., Chen, X. Q., Manser, E. and Lim, L. (1996). The p160 RhoAbinding kinase ROK alpha is a member of a kinase family and is involved in the reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 5313-5327.
Liang, P. and Pardee, A. B. (1992). Differential display of eukaryotic messenger RNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction. Science 257, 967-971.
Liang, P., Averboukh, L. and Pardee, A. B. (1993). Distribution and cloning of eukaryotic mRNAs by means of differential display: refinements and optimization. Nucleic Acids Res. 21, 3269-3275.
Liem, K. F., Jr., Tremml, G., Roelink, H. and Jessell, T. M. (1995). Dorsal differentiation of neural plate cells induced by BMP-mediated signals from epidermal ectoderm. Cell 82, 969-979.
Liem, K. F., Jr., Tremml, G. and Jessell, T. M. (1997). A role for the roof plate and its resident TGFbeta-related proteins in neuronal patterning in the dorsal spinal cord. Cell 91, 127-138.
Loring, J. F. and Erickson, C. A. (1987). Neural crest cell migratory pathways in the trunk of the chick embryo. Dev. Biol. 121, 220-236.
Madaule, P. and Axel, R. (1985). A novel ras-related gene family. Cell 41, 31-40.
Malosio, M. L., Gilardelli, D., Paris, S., Albertinazzi, C. and de Curtis, I. (1997). Differential expression of distinct members of Rho family GTPbinding proteins during neuronal development: identification of Rac1B, a new neural-specific member of the family. J. Neurosci. 17, 6717-6728.
Moury, J. D. and Jacobson, A. G. (1989). Neural fold formation at newly created boundaries between neural plate and epidermis in the axolotl. Dev. Biol. 133, 44-57.
Nagai, T., Aruga, J., Takada, S., Gunther, T., Sporle, R., Schughart, K. and Mikoshiba, K. (1997). The expression of the mouse Zic1, Zic2, and Zic3 gene suggests an essential role for Zic genes in body pattern formation. Dev. Biol. 182, 299-313.
Nakagawa, S. and Takeichi, M. (1995). Neural crest cell-cell adhesion controlled by sequential and subpopulation-specific expression of novel cadherins. Development 121, 1321-1332.
Nakagawa, S. and Takeichi, M. (1998). Neural crest emigration from the neural tube depends on regulated cadherin expression. Development 125, 2963-2971.
Nakata, K., Nagai, T., Aruga, J. and Mikoshiba, K. (1997). Xenopus Zic3, a primary regulator both in neural and neural crest development. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 11980-11985.
Nieto, M. A., Sargent, M. G., Wilkinson, D. G. and Cooke, J. (1994). Control of cell behavior during vertebrate development by Slug, a zinc finger gene. Science 264, 835-839.
Nishiki, T., Narumiya, S., Morii, N., Yamamoto, M., Fujiwara, M., Kamata, Y., Sakaguchi, G. and Kozaki, S. (1990). ADP-ribosylation of the rho/rac proteins induces growth inhibition, neurite outgrowth and acetylcholine esterase in cultured PC-12 cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 167, 265-272.
Nobes, C. D. and Hall, A. (1995). Rho, rac, and cdc42 GTPases regulate the assembly of multimolecular focal complexes associated with actin stress fibers, lamellipodia, and filopodia. Cell 81, 53-62.
Olson, M. F., Ashworth, A. and Hall, A. (1995). An essential role for Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 GTPases in cell cycle progression through G1. Science 269, 1270-1272.
Perona, R., Montaner, S., Saniger, L., Sanchez-Perez, I., Bravo, R. and Lacal, J. C. (1997). Activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB by Rho, CDC42, and Rac-1 proteins. Genes Dev. 11, 463-475.
Revel, J. P. and Brown, S. S. (1976). Cell junctions in development, with particular reference to the neural tube. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 40, 443-455.
Ridley, A. J. and Hall, A. (1992). The small GTP-binding protein rho regulates the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers in response to growth factors. Cell 70, 389-399.
Ridley, A. J., Comoglio, P. M. and Hall, A. (1995). Regulation of scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor responses by Ras, Rac, and Rho in MDCK cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 1110-1122.
Rosenquist, G. C. (1981). Epiblast origin and early migration of neural crest cells in the chick embryo. Dev. Biol. 87, 201-211.
Sefton, M., S, S. n. and Nieto, M. A. (1998). Conserved and divergent roles for members of the Snail family of transcription factors in the chick and mouse embryo. Development 125, 3111-3121.
Sekine, A., Fujiwara, M. and Narumiya, S. (1989). Asparagine residue in the rho gene product is the modification site for botulinum ADPribosyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8602-8605.
Selleck, M. A. and Bronner-Fraser, M. (1995). Origins of the avian neural crest: the role of neural plate-epidermal interactions. Development 121, 525- 538.
Shimeld, S. M., McKay, I. J. and Sharpe, P. T. (1996). The murine homeobox gene Msx-3 shows highly restricted expression in the developing neural tube. Mech. Dev. 55, 201-210.
Smith, D. E., Franco del Amo, F. and Gridley, T. (1992). Isolation of Sna, a mouse gene homologous to the Drosophila genes snail and escargot: its expression pattern suggests multiple roles during postimplantation development. Development 116, 1033-1039.
Stasia, M. J., Jouan, A., Bourmeyster, N., Boquet, P. and Vignais, P. V. (1991). ADP-ribosylation of a small size GTP-binding protein in bovine neutrophils by the C3 exoenzyme of Clostridium botulinum and effect on the cell motility. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 180, 615- 622.
Takaishi, K., Kikuchi, A., Kuroda, S., Kotani, K., Sasaki, T. and Takai, Y. (1993). Involvement of rho p21 and its inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange protein (rho GDI) in cell motility. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 72-79.
Takaishi, K., Sasaki, T., Kato, M., Yamochi, W., Kuroda, S., Nakamura, T., Takeichi, M. and Takai, Y. (1994). Involvement of Rho p21 small GTPbinding protein and its regulator in the HGF-induced cell motility. Oncogene 9, 273-279.
Thery, C., Sharpe, M. J., Batley, S. J., Stern, C. D. and Gherardi, E. (1995). Expression of HGF/SF, HGF1/MSP, and c-met suggests new functions during early chick development. Dev. Genet. 17, 90-101.
Threadgill, R., Bobb, K. and Ghosh, A. (1997). Regulation of dendritic growth and remodeling by Rho, Rac, and Cdc42. Neuron 19, 625-634. Tigyi, G., Fischer, D. J., Sebok, A., Yang, C., Dyer, D. L. and Miledi, R. (1996). Lysophosphatidic acid-induced neurite retraction in PC12 cells: control by phosphoinositide-Ca2+ signaling and Rho. J. Neurochem. 66, 537-548.
Tosney, K. W. (1978). The early migration of neural crest cells in the trunk region of the avian embryo: an electron microscopic study. Dev. Biol. 62, 317-333.
Tucker, G. C., Aoyama, H., Lipinski, M., Tursz, T. and Thiery, J. P. (1984). Identical reactivity of monoclonal antibodies HNK-1 and NC-1: conservation in vertebrates on cells derived from the neural primordium and on some leukocytes. Cell Differ. 14, 223-230.
Van Aelst, L. and D’Souza-Schorey, C. (1997). Rho GTPases and signaling networks. Genes Dev. 11, 2295-2322.
Wang, W., Chen, X., Xu, H. and Lufkin, T. (1996). Msx3: a novel murine homologue of the Drosophila msh homeobox gene restricted to the dorsal embryonic central nervous system. Mech. Dev. 58, 203-215.
Watanabe, N., Madaule, P., Reid, T., Ishizaki, T., Watanabe, G., Kakizuka, A., Saito, Y., Nakao, K., Jockusch, B. M. and Narumiya, S. (1997). p140mDia, a mammalian homolog of Drosophila diaphanous, is a target protein for Rho small GTPase and is a ligand for profilin. EMBO J. 16, 3044- 3056.
Yamada, T., Pfaff, S. L., Edlund, T. and Jessell, T. M. (1993). Control of cell pattern in the neural tube: motor neuron induction by diffusible factors from notochord and floor plate. Cell 73, 673-686.
Yamamoto, M., Marui, N., Sakai, T., Morii, N., Kozaki, S., Ikai, K., Imamura, S. and Narumiya, S. (1993). ADP-ribosylation of the rhoA gene product by botulinum C3 exoenzyme causes Swiss 3T3 cells to accumulate in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Oncogene 8, 1449-1455.
Answers to all your Biology Questions
