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These findings support previous work demonstrating significant differences between OCD and TTM.

Biology Articles » Psychobiology » Obsessive-compulsive disorder and trichotillomania: a phenomenological comparison » Tables

Tables
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder and trichotillomania: a phenomenological comparison

 

Table 1

Demographic information: OCD and TTM
Variables OCD (N = 278) TTM (N = 54) χ2 P
Gender 148 male 130 female 5 male 49 female 40.7
Age (SD) 33.1 (14.4) 31.3 (12.5) NS
Population group 86.6% Caucasian 79.6% Caucasian NS
Level of education 50.7% completed high school or higher level education 44.4% completed high school or higher level education NS
Employment 6.8% unemployed 3.7% unemployed NS

NS = non-significant

Lochner et al. BMC Psychiatry 2005 5:2   doi:10.1186/1471-244X-5-2

Table 2

Comparison of symptomatology: OCD vs TTM
Variables OCD TTM P
Age of onset (SD) 19.3 (12.0) 11.8 (7.6)
Symptom severity (SD) YBOCS score: 20.1 (8.0); range: 0 – 39 MGHHPS score: 16.1 (6.5); range: 0 – 26
Severity of depressive symptoms (BDI score) 8.9 (11.3) 5.5 (7.2) .04
Poor insight 13.6% 0% NS
Treatment response SRI: 90.7% SRI: 42.9% .003
CBT: 73.3% CBT: 33.3% .02
Tics 12.3% 6.1% NS

Lochner et al. BMC Psychiatry 2005 5:2   doi:10.1186/1471-244X-5-2

Table 3

Lifetime comorbidity: OCD vs TTM
Disorder OCD (N = 130) TTM (N = 49) χ2 P
Major depressive disorder 66.9% 49.0% 4.8 .03*
Dysthymia 13.8% 2.0% 6.8 .009**
Bipolar disorder 0.8% 0% 0.6 0.4
Panic disorder 20.8% 6.1% 6.4 .01*
Alcohol abuse 5.4% 2.0% 1.1 0.3
Alcohol dependence 0.8% 0% 0.6 0.4
Substance abuse 0.8% 4.1% 2.0 0.2
Substance dependence 1.5% 2.0% 0.1 0.8
Social phobia 10.0% 8.2% 0.1 0.7
Specific phobia 18.5% 18.4% 0.0
Posttraumatic stress disorder 3.1% 0% 2.6 0.1
Generalized anxiety disorder 13.1% 20.4% 1.4 0.2
Body dysmorphic disorder 6.2% 6.1% 0.0
Anorexia Nervosa 8.5% 2.0% 2.9 0.1
Bulimia Nervosa 7.7% 6.1% 0.1 0.7
Binge-eating disorder 4.6% 10.2% 1.8 0.2
Hypochondriasis 4.6% 0% 3.9
Stereotypic movement disorder 3.5% (N = 85) 0% (N = 18) 1.2 0.3
Tourette's disorder 3.8% 2% 0.4 0.5
Tics 12.3% 6.1% 1.6 0.2
Kleptomania 4.6% 4.1% 0.0 0.9
Pyromania 0% 2.0% 2.6 0.1
Compulsive shopping 6.9% 4.1% 0.5 0.5
Hypersexual disorder 1.5% 0% 1.3 0.3
Intermittent explosive disorder 16.2% 6.1% 3.5 .06
OCPD 39.2% 13.3% 11.3 .001**
Avoidant personality disorder 21.2% (N = 99) 0.03% (N = 26) 2.9 0.9
Schizotypal personality disorder 5.3% (N = 94) 0% (N = 25) 2.4 0.1
Borderline personality disorder 22.3% (N = 94) 8% (N = 49) 3.0 0.1

* p

** p

Lochner et al. BMC Psychiatry 2005 5:2   doi:10.1186/1471-244X-5-2

Table 4

Disability profile: OCD vs TTM
DOMAIN OCD (N = 95) TTM (N = 30) Mann-Whitney U
Median Min Max Median Min Max Z P
School 1.0 0 4.0 1.0 0 4.0 -1.2 NS
Work 2.0 0 4.0 1.0 0 3.0 3.7
Family 2.0 0 4.0 1.0 0 4.0 2.4 0.02
Marriage / dating 2.0 0 4.0 1.0 0 4.0 3.1 0.002
Friendships 1.0 0 4.0 1.0 0 3.0 1.1 NS
Other activities 2.0 0 4.0 0 0 3.0 2.3 0.02
Activities of daily life 2.0 0 4.0 0 0 3.0 5.5
Suicide 1.0 0 4.0 0 0 3.0 2.6 0.009
Total disability 12.0 1.0 26.0 6.5 0 18.0 3.3

Lochner et al. BMC Psychiatry 2005 5:2   doi:10.1186/1471-244X-5-2

Table 5

Temperament and Character Inventory: OCD vs TTM
TEMPERAMENT / CHARACTER TRAITS* OCD (N = 68) TTM (N = 21) F P
NS 17.6 (6.8) 21.6 (6.0) .5 .02
HA 22.3 (7.9) 15.8 (7.3) .4 .001
RD 22.3 (4.2) 21.8 (4.9) .4 NS
SD 25.1 (8.2) 28.2 (9.6) .7 NS
C 30 (5.1) 29.3 (6.8) 2.8 NS
ST 15.2 (6.7) 21.3 (18.3) 5.0 NS

* NS = novelty seeking total score SD = self-directedness total score

HA = harm avoidance total score C = cooperativeness total score

RD = reward dependence total score ST = self-transcendence total score

Lochner et al. BMC Psychiatry 2005 5:2   doi:10.1186/1471-244X-5-2

Table 6

TCI-temperament cut-off scores: A normal community sample*
TCI – TEMPERAMENT TRAITS
NS HA
LOW MEDIUM HIGH LOW MEDIUM HIGH
16 19.5 22 8 12.5 16

*from Cloninger et al, 1994 (reference nr. 31)

Lochner et al. BMC Psychiatry 2005 5:2   doi:10.1186/1471-244X-5-2

Table 7

OCD and TTM scores on the YSQ subscales
Schemas OCD (n = 59) TTM (n = 26) Mann-Whitney U
Median Min Max Median Min Max Z P
Emotional deprivation 2.4 1.0 5.6 2.3 1.0 5.4 -0.6 NS
Abandonment 2.8 1.0 6.0 2.1 1.2 6.0 -0.5 NS
Mistrust / abuse 2.6 1.0 5.8 1.9 1.9 5.4 -2.3 .02
Social isolation 2.4 1.0 6.0 1.9 1.9 6.0 -2.7 .007
Shame / defectiveness 2.2 1.0 6.0 1.4 1.4 4.8 -3.0 .003
Failure to achieve 2.0 1.0 6.0 1.9 1.9 4.8 -0.9 NS
Incompetence 2.0 1.0 4.8 1.8 1.8 4.4 -1.2 NS
Vulnerability to harm 2.2 1.0 6.0 1.6 1.6 5.2 -1.8 NS
Enmeshment 1.8 1.0 6.0 1.7 1.7 4.2 -0.6 NS
Subjugation 2.2 1.0 6.0 1.7 1.7 5.6 -2.8 .005
Self-sacrifice 3.4 1.2 6.0 3.2 3.2 5.8 -1.0 NS
Emotional inhibition 2.4 1.0 5.0 1.4 1.4 4.4 -3.8
Unrelenting standards 3.8 1.2 6.0 3.6 3.6 6.0 -0.9 NS
Entitlement 2.6 1.0 5.8 2.7 2.7 6.0 -0.7 NS
Self-discipline 3.0 1.2 6.0 2.8 2.8 4.8 -1.3 NS

Lochner et al. BMC Psychiatry 2005 5:2   doi:10.1186/1471-244X-5-2

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