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This study determined the effects of liquid manure applications on the CP …

Biology Articles » Agriculture » Manure Management Effects on Grass Production, Nutritive Content, and Soil Nitrogen for a Grass Silage–Based Dairy Farm » Tables

Tables
- Manure Management Effects on Grass Production, Nutritive Content, and Soil Nitrogen for a Grass Silage–Based Dairy Farm

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Table 1. Forage data for manure application evaluation in 2001.

Treatment
 Cutting
 Sampling date
 Harvest date
 Forage dry-matter
yield
 Forage dry
matter
 Forage crude
protein
 Forage
nitrate N
          %
  
        Mg ha–1     mg kg–1
Control, old seeding, Field 1a 1 24 April 25 April  2.22 24.3 18.5 –
  2 18 May 21 May  2.89 13.9 16.6   80
  3 15 June 19 June  1.59 13.2 20.5  130
  4 11 July 18 July  2.24 17.0 17.3  220
  5 13 August 15 August  1.43 15.7 20.3  250
  6 10 September 13 September  1.88 16.9 24.5 1400
  Total     12.25      
2x manure, three times, old 1 24 April 25 April  2.22 24.3 18.5 –
 seeding, Field 1b 2 18 May 21 May  2.89 13.9 16.6   80
  3 15 June 19 June  1.59 13.2 20.5  130
  4 11 July 18 July  2.24 17.0 17.3  220
  5 13 August 15 August  1.70 13.6 20.2  580
  6 10 September 13 September  1.95 14.7 23.8  970
  Total     12.59      
2x manure, four times, old 1 24 April 25 April  2.22 24.3 18.5 –
 seeding, Field 1c 2 18 May 21 May  2.89 13.9 16.6   80
  3 15 June 19 June  1.59 13.2 20.5  130
  4 11 July 18 July  2.87 13.8 21.5 1000
  5 13 August 15 August  1.95 12.0 24.9 2600
  6 10 September 13 September  2.17 13.9 25.8 1500

Total

13.69



 

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Table 2. Forage data for old- vs. new-seeding evaluation in 2001.

Treatment
 Cutting
 Sampling date
 Harvest date
 Forage dry-matter
yield
 Forage dry
matter
 Forage crude
protein
 Forage
nitrate N
          %
  
        Mg ha–1     mg kg–1
Old seeding, Field 2 1 24 April 25 April  2.62 21.1 18.5 –
  2 18 May 21 May  2.16 13.0 18.5  170
  3 15 June 19 June  2.17 14.3 21.1  500
  4 11 July 18 July  2.04 18.8 18.8  320
  5 13 August 15 August  1.90 15.7 20.6  710
  6 10 September 13 September  1.79 14.5 23.9  600
  Total     12.68      
Old seeding, Field 3 1 24 April 25 April  2.91 21.0 18.5 –
  2 18 May 21 May  2.08 14.5 19.0  150
  3 15 June 19 June  2.02 14.0 22.3  580
  4 11 July 18 July  2.64 17.7 19.9  560
  5 13 August 15 August  2.24 15.0 23.5 1330
  6 10 September 13 September  1.93 17.6 24.0 1200
  Total     13.82      
New seeding, Field 4 1 18 June 20 June  1.30 12.2 24.2 1500
  2 11 July 11 July  2.37 12.8 23.8 3300
  3 26 July 30 July  2.28 12.0 26.9 4400
  4 16 August 17 August  1.64 12.5 27.1 4000
  5 12 September 14 September  1.64 12.9 25.7  900
  6  2 October  3 October  1.97 13.1 26.9 1800
  Total     11.20      
New seeding, Field 5 1 18 June 21 June  1.61 12.8 24.9 1330
  2 11 July 11 July  1.79 12.8 28.0 4200
  3 26 July 30 July  2.44 11.6 29.3 7000
  4 16 August 17 August  1.95 12.1 28.2 5600
  5 12 September 14 September  1.84 12.4 26.1 3000
  6  2 October  3 October  1.75 12.6 30.4 3600

Total

11.38



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Table 3. Forage data in 2002.

Treatment
 Cutting
 Sampling date
 Harvest date
 Forage
dry-matter
yield
 Forage
dry
matter
 Forage
crude
protein
 Forage nitrate N
 Forage
accumulative
N harvested
          %
    
        Mg ha–1     mg kg–1 kg ha–1
Old seeding, Field 1a, manure 1x 1 29 April 30 April  1.37 21.1 17.5   23  38.4
  2 28 May 31 May  3.02 16.1 16.5  409  85.3
  3 21 June 22 June  1.46 18.0 18.8  182  45.0
  4 19 July 22 July  2.40 17.8 18.6  545  77.1
  5 16 August 21 August  1.64 21.1 20.4 1114  61.4
  6 18 September 20 September  0.92 23.2 24.5  523  38.3
  7 11 October 12 October  0.81 16.7 28.9 1023  40.5
  Total     11.62       386.0
Old seeding, Field 1b, manure 2x, 1 29 April 30 April  1.19 22.5 14.6   23  27.9
 three times in 2001 2 28 May 31 May  3.27 16.7 14.4   68  76.3
  3 21 June 22 June  1.64 15.2 23.6 1932  75.6
  4 19 July 22 July  2.37 15.6 20.0  841  84.8
  5 16 August 21 August  1.34 22.0 19.1  273  42.7
  6 18 September 20 September  0.99 24.9 23.3  409  38.9
  7 11 October 12 October  0.76 16.4 27.3  841  36.3
  Total     11.56       382.5
Old seeding, Field 1c, manure 2x, 1 29 April 30 April  1.12 23.7 13.6    0  24.4
 four times in 2001 2 28 May 31 May  3.05 15.3 18.1  409  93.7
  3 21 June 22 June  1.32 19.1 17.2   68  36.8
  4 19 July 22 July  1.66 18.0 18.8  114  50.7
  5 16 August 21 August  1.68 19.2 20.2  477  57.8
  6 18 September 20 September – – – – –
  7 11 October 12 October  0.56 18.1 25.2  523  24.3
  Total      9.39       287.7
New seeding, Field 2 1  8 July 11 July  1.50 12.1 33.2 7841 131.5
  2 25 July 26 July  1.01 13.1 33.9 6500  83.5
  3 16 August 19 August  1.48 15.5 28.8 6250 108.8
  4 18 September 19 September  1.21 18.7 27.4 2341  66.0
  5 11 October 13 October  1.03 14.6 30.1 2295  60.4
  Total      6.23       450.2
Old seeding, Field 4 1 29 April 30 April  1.46 23.4 14.7    0  34.2
  2 28 May 31 May  2.49 15.3 17.1  636  75.0
  3 21 June 22 June  1.50 16.3 23.0 1545  65.4
  4 19 July 24 July  2.17 16.0 21.3  682  80.6
  5 16 August 20 August  1.19 21.1 20.5  341  40.7
  6 18 September 21 September  1.07 20.8 20.9  114  36.5
  7 11 October 14 October  0.76 19.1 28.5 1500  39.5
  Total     10.64       371.9
Old seeding, Field 5 1 29 April 30 April  1.19 22.3 14.9    0  28.3
  2 28 May 31 May  2.80 16.1 16.9  341  79.9
  3 21 June 22 June  1.01 17.6 21.9  750  38.6
  4 19 July 23 July  1.66 16.4 23.0  727  66.3
  5 16 August 22 August  1.19 22.6 21.7  818  45.5
  6 18 September 20 September  1.03 23.9 18.8   45  30.9
  7 11 October 15 October  0.85 18.9 27.4 1045  41.3
  Total      9.73       330.8
New seeding, Field 6 1  8 July 10 July  1.84 13.5 20.1  773  65.3
  2 25 July 27 July  1.64 13.8 24.2 2773  83.3
  3 16 August 23 August  1.46 16.8 25.3  386  61.4
  4 18 September 21 September  1.14 19.5 21.4  591  41.7
  5 11 October 16 October  0.74 17.0 25.5  841  33.1

Total

 6.82


284.8


 

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Table 4. Nutrient profile of grass silage.

  Grass silage
Item
 Old seeding
 New seeding
 Malfermented
Dry matter, % 37.9 35.3 23.3
Crude protein, % 16.9 27.1 22.8
Soluble protein, % of crude protein 65.7 67.0 58.0
Ammonia, % of crude protein 5.1  6.7 66.8
Nitrate ion, % of dry matter  0.38   0.98  0.44
Neutral detergent fiber, % of dry matter 42.2 37.1 42.2
Acid detergent fiber, % of dry matter 28.2 23.6 29.1
Lignin, % of dry matter 4.7  1.0 2.9
Ash, % of dry matter 8.5  9.7 15.4
pH 4.3  4.2 8.3
Lactic acid, % of dry matter 7.3  9.5 0.8
Acetic acid, % of dry matter 0.84   0.93 3.5
Butyric acid, % of dry matter
  0.03
 5.7


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Table 5. Results using the Cornell–Penn–Minor (CPM) ration balancing program for Scenario 1.

  Grass silage
Item
 Old seeding
 New seeding
 Malfermented
Dry matter intake, kg d–1    25.7    25.7     25.7
Crude protein, % of dry matter    19.0    20.6     19.9
Neutral detergent fiber, % of dry matter    28.8    28.0     28.8
Nonfiber carbohydrates, % of dry matter    40.3    39.4     38.2
Metabolizable protein balance, g    213.3    253.9     172.6
Metabolizable protein allowable milk, kg d–1    54.0    54.9     53.0
Efficiency of metabolizable protein for milk protein synthesis, %    59.2    58.2     60.2
Peptides in rumen, % of required    157    182     145
Ammonia in rumen, % of required    165    211     198
Metabolizable protein from bacteria, g d–1    1560    1505     1495
Predicted milk urea N, mg %    19    22     21
Urea cost, Mcal d–1    0.947    1.863     1.528
Microbial crude protein yield, g d–1    2600    2508     2491
Microbial efficiency, g bact N kg–1 ferment carbohydrate    38.0    37.6     38.0
Fermentable carbohydrate, % of dry matter
    42.7
    41.7
     40.9


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Table 6. Results using the Cornell–Penn–Minor (CPM) ration balancing program for Scenario 2.

  Grass silage
Item
 Old seeding
 New seeding
 Malfermented
Grass silage, % of diet dry matter    12.4    12.0     11.7
Corn silage, % of diet dry matter    8.3    14.1     6.0
Alfalfa hay, % of diet dry matter    9.4    4.2     4.9
Corn grain, flaked, % of diet dry matter    12.3    13.7     19.3
Beet pulp, % of diet dry matter    2.0    2.0     1.8
Corn distillers, % of diet dry matter    5.0    5.0     3.5
Soybean meal, % of diet dry matter    4.7    2.3     1.2
Whole cottonseed, % of diet dry matter    –    0.2     6.4
Canola meal, % of diet dry matter    –    1.0     0.8
Other, % of diet dry matter    2.4    0.9     0.9
Dry matter intake, kg d–1    25.7    25.7     25.7
Crude protein, % of dry matter    18.2    18.1     17.5
Neutral detergent fiber, % of dry matter    31.2    32.1     31.5
Nonfiber carbohydrates, % of dry matter    40.0    40.0     40.0
Forage to concentrate ratio    53:47    54:46     40:60
Metabolizable protein balance, g    92.1    57.4     5.0
Metabolizable protein allowable milk, kg d–1    51.2    50.4     49.2
Predicted milk urea N, mg %    18    17     16
Urea costs, Mcal d–1    0.449    0.401     0.208
Microbial crude protein yield, g d–1
    2624
    2689
     2658

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