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Fig. 1. Frequency distribution of species numbers of microcrustaceans and the major groups cladocera, cyclopoid copepods, and calanoid copepods. Extension of bars represent the relative fraction of sampled lakes with a certain number of species. Box plot in right panel displays medians as vertical line, extension of boxes represents 25th and 75th percentiles, and extension of lines are 10th and 90th percentiles. Observations outside 90th percentiles are represented as single dots. All categories include both pelagic and littoral samples from the 1,058 lakes where both habitats were sampled.
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Fig. 2. Box-and-whisker plot of total species numbers and numbers of cladocera and copepods from pelagic or littoral samples, or both pooled. Vertical line is median of all observations, line within boxes is median of the category, extension of boxes represents 25th and 75th percentiles, and extension of lines is 10th and 90th percentiles.
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Fig. 3. Cumulative frequency of species recorded in all lakes.
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Fig. 4. Scatterplot showing the percentage occurrence of each species in pelagic samples versus littoral samples. The most abundant species, Bosmina longispina, occurred in 89% of the pelagic samples and 76% of the littoral. Only species occurring in more that 10% of the localities were included. Positive correlation indicates species that were equally common in pelagic and littoral habitats, whereas the uncorrelated cluster represents species uncommon in the pelagic samples.
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Fig. 5. Scatterplot of species number for littoral samples and pelagic samples. No significant correlation was found between species numbers and area.
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Fig. 6. DCA-ordination species plot based on parallel pelagic and littoral samples from a subset of 80 lakes. For clarity, only species that occurred in more than 10% of the localities (n 5 40) are included. Shaded area A includes A. nana, E. lammelatus, A. excisa, S. crystallina, A. rustica, R. falcata, M. albidus, D. nanus, A. guttata, O. gracilis, A. curvirostris. S. mucronata, M. fuscus, A. robustus, G. testudinaria, C. piger, S. serricaudatus, P. truncatus, P. affinis, and A. intermedia. Shaded area A represents a cluster of strictly littoral species. Full names of the respective species are shown in Web Appendix 1.
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