The authors review some of the studies of the immunomodulatory activities of …

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Plants with antiinflammatory activities
• Conclusion
• References
• Tables

Biology Articles » Ethnobiology » Inflammation and Native American medicine: the role of botanicals » Tables

Tables

- Inflammation and Native American medicine: the role of botanicals

TABLE 1. The 10 top-selling botanicals in the United States, their uses by Native Americans, and their current uses¹

TABLE 2. Selected plants and their uses by Native Americans¹

TABLE 3. Antiinflammatory botanicals that inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)¹

Plant Extraction procedure (concentration tested) Plant constituent Reference COX inhibition 5-LOX inhibition Achillea millefolium Cold water extract of herb Alkamides 26 21% — (0.2 g/L) (50 µmol/L) 29 37% None Echinacea angustifolia N-hexane extract of roots Individual root alkamides 29 62% 82% (50 mg/L) (50 µmol/L) 29 75% 82% Echinacea purpurea Alkamide fraction from roots 30 ND 92% (50 µmol/L) Hamamelis virginiana Hamamelitannin 31 ND IC50 = 1.0 µmol/L Juniperus communis Cold water extract of fruit 26 55% — (0.2 g/L) Ledum palustre Cold water extract of herb 26 50% — (0.2 g/L) Picea abies Cold water extract of shots 26 55% — (0.2 g/L) Polygonum aviculare Cold water extract of herb 26 52% — (0.2 g/L) Sanguinaria canadensis L. Sanguinarine 32 — IC50 = 0.4 µmol/L Tanacetum vulgare Parthenolide 33 IC50 = 6 µmol/L IC50 = 12 µmol/L Urtica dioica 80% MeOH extraction of leaves 34 IC50 = 92 mg/L None Caffeic malic acid IC50 = 38 mg/L IC50 = 83 mg/L Cold water extraction of herb 26 None — (0.2 g/L) 1IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentration.