table of contents 
The overall aim of this study was to test directly for genetic …
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Table 1
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Observed components of variance for ten types of relatives.
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Observed component (yi)
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Method and types of relatives used to obtain component
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Immune response
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Body condition
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Covariance
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y1
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covariance between sire and offspring
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0.003
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0.106
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0.019
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y2
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covariance between nurse and offspring where the nurse is not the genetic dam
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0.002
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-0.122
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-0.013
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y3
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covariance between dam and offspring where the offspring was nursed by an unrelated dam
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0.01
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0.119
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0.002
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y4
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covariance between dam and offspring, where the dam is also the nurse.
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0.006
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0.022
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0.022
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y5
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covariance between full sibs raised by different nurses
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0.010
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0.328
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0.025
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y6
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covariance between unrelated sibs where the offspring were nursed by an unrelated dam
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0.225
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0.179
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0.066
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y7
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covariance between full sibs raised by different nurses
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0.002
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0.239
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-0.002
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y8
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covariance between unrelated sibs raised the same nurse
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0.002
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0.076
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0.012
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Y9
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covariance between unrelated sibs, each nursed by the genetic dam of the other
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-0.215
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0.149
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-0.042
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Y10
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variance among full sibs all with the same nurse
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0.031
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0.609
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0.011
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Definitions modified from Riska et al. [42]. Further details are in the Methods.
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Gleeson et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:61 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-5-61
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Table 2
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Design matrix (X) displaying theoretical causal components of observed variances and covariances.
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Observed component
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Causal components
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σ2AO
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σ2DO
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σAOAM
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σ2AM
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σ2DM+C
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σ2E
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Y1
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0.5
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0
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0.25
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0
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0
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0
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Y2
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0
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0
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0.75
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0.5
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0
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0
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Y3
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0.5
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0
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0.25
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0
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0
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0
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Y4
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0.5
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0
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1.25
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0.5
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0
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0
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Y5
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0.5
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0.25
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1
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1
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1
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0
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Y6
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0.5
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0.25
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0
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1
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1
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0
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Y7
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0.5
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0.25
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0.5
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0
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0
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0
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Y8
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0
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0
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0.5
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1
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1
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0
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Y9
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0
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0
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1
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0
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0
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0
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Y10
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0.5
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0.75
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0
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0
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0
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1
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σAO2 = additive direct genetic variance, σDO2 = dominance direct genetic variance, σAOAM = direct-maternal additive genetic covariance, σAM2 = additive maternal (or 'indirect') genetic variance, σ2DM+C = dominance maternal genetic variance and common environmental variance (maternal and cage), and σE2 = residual environmental variance. Further details are in the Methods.
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Gleeson et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:61 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-5-61
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Table 3
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Genetic and non-genetic sources of variance and covariance.
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source of variation
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immune response bi ± SE
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body condition bi ± SE
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covariance bi ± SE
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σAO2
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0.034 ± 0.016*
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0.149 ± 0.156
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0.053 ± 0.024*
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σDO2
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0.069 ± 0.062
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0.386 ± 0.526
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0.010 ± 0.110
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σAOAM
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-0.044 ± 0.026
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0.142 ± 0.178
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-0.035 ± 0.029
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σAM2
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0.079 ± 0.046
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-0.457 ± 0.346
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0.051 ± 0.055
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σ2DM+C
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-0.055 ± 0.033
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0.465 ± 0.327
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-0.018 ± 0.049
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σE2
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-0.038 ± 0.049
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0.245 ± 0.385
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-0.023 ± 0.080
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σP2
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0.045 ± 0.101
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0.929 ± 0.841
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0.037 ± 0.159
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σAO2 = additive direct genetic variance, σDO2 = dominance direct genetic variance, σAOAM = direct-maternal additive genetic covariance, σAM2 = additive maternal (or 'indirect') genetic variance, σ2DM+C = dominance maternal genetic variance and common environmental variance (maternal and cage), and σE2 = residual environmental variance. Asterisks denote statistical significance (* p
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Gleeson et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:61 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-5-61
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