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Desert ants (Cataglyphis fortis) are central place foragers that navigate by means …
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Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions GG designed and conducted the majority of experiments, analysed the data, and wrote the majority of the manuscript.
RW contributed to the design of the experiments and to the writing of the manuscript.
BR designed part of the experiments, contributed to the interpretation of data and to the writing of the article.
All three authors read and approved the final version of this manuscript.
We thank Jan Clemens, Anne Einhäupl, Anne Hanschke, Doreen Hess, and Julja Koch for their valuable assistance in the field. We are also grateful to Helmuth Heise (University of Zurich) and the precision engineering team at the University of Ulm for the construction of numerous channels, gates, and switches. Markus Knaden and the crews of the Maharès expeditions of 2004 to 2006 supported this study by providing excellent living and working conditions. GG would like to thank Tobias Merkle for helpful discussions of the experiments. We further thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive criticism that helped to improve the final version of our manuscript. This research was funded by the Volkswagen Foundation (to BR) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (to RW).
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